Autism, or more precisely Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by difficulties in social communication and interaction skills, and by restricted, repetitive interests and behaviors. Symptoms usually begin in early childhood, around the age of 2-3 years.
Key Characteristics of Autism
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Difficulties in Social Communication and Interaction
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Avoiding eye contact
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Not responding when called by name
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Difficulty expressing emotions and understanding the emotions of others.
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Low level of sharing and imitation behavior while playing games.
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Repetitive Behaviors and Limited Interests
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Frequently repeating the same movement (such as clapping or rocking)
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Strict adherence to routines (overreacting to changes)
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Having an intense interest in specific objects.
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Sensory sensitivity (over- or under-responsiveness to stimuli such as light, sound, and touch)
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What does it mean for autism to be a spectrum disorder?
"Spectrum" refers to the fact that autism can manifest differently and with varying severity in each individual. In other words:
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While some individuals may be more independent,
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Some may require intensive support.
Causes of Autism
Although the exact cause of autism is unknown;
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Genetic factors are thought to play a strong role.
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Certain infections during pregnancy, environmental factors, and differences in brain development are also considered risk factors.
Treatment and Support
There is no cure for autism, however:
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Early diagnosis and intervention
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Educational and behavioral therapies
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Family support
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Drug treatment when necessary.
...such methods can improve an individual's quality of life.