It is very important to know the basics about autism (Autism Spectrum Disorder – ASD) in order to understand an individual’s characteristics and provide them with appropriate support. Below, I have compiled some essential and practical information about autism for you 👇

 

 

 

🧠 1. What is autism?

 

Autism is a neurological difference that affects brain development.

 

 

 

It is referred to as a ‘spectrum’ because symptoms vary greatly from person to person.

 

 

 

This means that every person with autism is unique — there is no ‘one type of autism’.

 

 

 

🔍 2. Symptoms and characteristics

 

Symptoms usually appear in early childhood (around 2–3 years old) and manifest in three main areas:

 

 

 

🗣️ Social communication and interaction:

 

Difficulty with eye contact

 

 

 

Limited gestures and facial expressions

 

 

 

Difficulty sustaining a conversation

 

 

 

Difficulty understanding or expressing emotions

 

 

 

🔁 Repetitive behaviours and areas of interest:

 

Repetition of certain movements (such as rocking, clapping)

 

 

 

Strict adherence to routine

 

 

 

Excessive interest in specific topics (e.g. maps, numbers, trains)

 

 

 

👂 Sensory sensitivity:

 

Excessive sensitivity or lack of sensitivity to sounds, light, smells or touch

 

 

 

This may lead to behavioural reactions (covering ears, crying, avoidance)

 

 

 

🧩 3. Causes of autism

 

There is no single cause.

 

 

 

It is believed that genetic and environmental factors play a combined role.

 

 

 

Vaccines do not cause autism — this idea has been scientifically disproved.

 

 

 

🌱 4. Diagnosis and early intervention

 

Diagnosis is usually made by a child psychiatrist or a paediatrician specialising in child development.

 

 

 

Early diagnosis and support help the individual to develop communication and social skills and